Resolving the lineage relationship between malignant cells and vascular cells in glioblastomas

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly malignant and heterogeneous brain tumor, contains various types of tumor and non-tumor cells. Whether GBM cells can trans-differentiate into non-neural cell types, including mural cells or endothelial cells (ECs), to support tumor growth and invasion remains controversial. Here we generated two genetic GBM models de novo in immunocompetent mouse brains, mimicking essential pathological and molecular features of human GBMs. Lineage-tracing and transplantation studies demonstrated that, although blood vessels in GBM brains underwent drastic remodeling, evidence of trans-differentiation of GBM cells into vascular cells was barely detected. Intriguingly, GBM cells could promiscuously express markers for mural cells during gliomagenesis. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that patterns of copy number variations (CNVs) of mural cells and ECs were distinct from those of GBM cells, indicating discrete origins of GBM cells and vascular components. Importantly, single-cell CNV analysis of human GBM specimens also suggested that GBM cells and vascular cells are likely separate lineages. Rather than expansion owing to trans-differentiation, vascular cell expanded by proliferation during tumorigenesis. Therefore, cross-lineage trans-differentiation of GBM cells is very unlikely to occur during gliomagenesis. Our findings advance understanding of cell lineage dynamics during gliomagenesis, and have implications for targeted treatment of GBMs.

Characteristics and influencing factors of cognitive function in young and middle-aged hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive impairment and its influential factors in young and middle-aged hospitalized patients with T2DM.Methods Totally 140 young and middle-aged T2DM patients were recruited in 4 hospitals using convenience sampling method and were evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA).Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment in 140 young and middle-aged T2DM patients in this study was 37.9％.The delayed memory (85.0％) was most common,followed by language(73.6％),and impaired visuospatial and executive function(50.7％).Attention,abstraction,and orientation were rarely affected,and naming was not impaired.Logistic regression showed that older individuals,women,poor blood glucose control could be important independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged T2DM patients.Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged T2DM patients was relatively high,and the delayed recall was mostly common.The older individuals,women,poor blood glucose control are associated with cognitive impairment.

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens at hematology department of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015: results from a multicenter, retrospective study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To describe the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens at hematology department of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015 to provide reference for empirical anti-infection treatment.@*Methods@#Pathogens were from hematology department of 26 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or agar dilution method. Collection of drug susceptibility results and corresponding patient data were analyzed.@*Results@#The separated pathogens amounted to 4 306. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.26%, while the proportions of gram-positive bacteria and funguses were 26.99% and 8.75% respectively. Common gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (20.48%) , Klebsiella pneumonia (15.40%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.50%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (5.04%) and Stenotropho-monas maltophilia (3.41%) respectively. CRE amounted to 123 (6.68%) . Common gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (4.92%) , Staphylococcus hominis (4.88%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.71%) respectively. Candida albicans were the main fungus which accounted for 5.43%. The rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems were 3.5%-6.1% and 5.0%-6.3% respectively. The rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to tobramycin and amikacin were 3.2% and 3.3% respectively. The resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii towards tobramycin and cefoperazone/sulbactam were both 19.2%. The rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to minocycline and sulfamethoxazole were 3.5% and 9.3% respectively. The rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis resistant wards vancomycin were 0, 6.4% and 1.4% respectively; also, the rates of them resistant to linezolid were 1.2%, 0 and 1.6% respectively; in addition, the rates of them resistant to teicoplanin were 2.8%, 14.3% and 8.0% respectively. Furthermore, MRSA accounted for 39.15% (83/212) .@*Conclusions@#Pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacteria. CRE accounted for 6.68%. The rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems were lower compared with other antibacterial agents. The rates of gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin were still low. MRSA accounted for 39.15%.

Investigation on the cognition about organ donation of ICU medical staff in 3A hospital in Chongqing / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the cognition and participation on organ donation in ICU medical staff and analyze the influencing factors, thus to provide reference for the development organ donation promotion measures. Methods 265 ICU medical staff were chosen by convenient sampling method from 10 three-level hospitals in Chongqing and were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the cognition, willingness and its influencing factors towards organ donation. Results ICU medical staff′s understanding of brain death, significance, basic conditions and concepts of organ donation were 67.2% (178/265), 61.1% (162/265), 60.0% (159/265), 55.8% (148/265) respectively, but understanding of Principles , registration methods, laws and regulations, and procedures of organ donation were 24.5%(65/265), 12.1%(32/265), 7.9%(21/265), 4.5%(12/265) respectively. 47.5%(126/265) ICU medical staff were willing to donate their own organs, 35.8%(95/265) were consented to relative′s organ donation and 4.5% (12/265) were organ donation applications. 89.1% (236/265) were affected by traditional ethical concepts, 70.2%(186/265) were for the publicity not enough, 51.7%(137/265) did not know about the procedures of organ donation, 37.0%(98/265) were for too much troubled procedures, and 43.8%(116/265) were for the ineffective work of relevant organizations. Conclusions Lacking in-depth understanding of organ donation and low willingness to donate organs in ICU medical staff in Chongqing. Mainly associated with the effect of traditional concept and lack of propaganda to the donation.

Protective effect of ligustrazine on lipopolysaccharide induced vascular hyperpermeability / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate whether ligustrazine can reduce endotoxemia and inhibit the increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular permeability by suppressing Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in guinea pigs. Methods Eighteen of white male healthy guinea pigs were divided into three groups randomly and pretreated with intravenous injection of ligustrazine(3 or 6 mg/kg) or saline. 30 min later, LPS (100, 300, 1 000 μg/0.1 mL/site) and saline (0.1 mL/site) were administered intracutaneously at the dorsum of guinea pigs. Vascular permeability was determined by leakage area and absorbance of 610 nm (OD610) of Evans Blue dye after intracutaneous injection of LPS (100-1 000 μg/site). Results Dye leakage in the skin began to increase at 5 min, and revealed significant increase 2 h after LPS injection. Significant differences in the dye leakage area(F = 5.77, P < 0.05) and the OD610 (F = 7.736, P < 0.05) induced by 100, 300 and 1,000 ug/site of LPS administration were demonstrated between the control and ligustrazine groups (3 or 6 mg/kg). Conclusion Ligustrazine has protective effect on the hypermeability of endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, and inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway is a possible mechanism.

Transduction of osteopontin short hairpin RNA in prevention of restenosis after angioplasty in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Restenosis after angioplasty severely limited the application and long-period therapeutic effects of percutaneous coronary intervention. Changes in smooth muscle cel phenotype and their proliferation are important mechanisms of restenosis after angioplasty. OBJECTIVE:To use bal oon in vivo transduction of osteopontin short hairpin RNA (OPN-shRNA), to inhibit osteopontin expression at the injured blood vessels of a rabbit model of experimental atherosclerosis, and to prevent restenosis after angioplasty. METHODS:A total of 20 rabbit models of atherosclerosis were established and randomly equal y assigned to empty plasmid group and OPN-shRNA plasmid group. The plasmid recombinant OPN-shRNA and empty plasmid were transferred to the ventral aorta by bal oon. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After bal oon dilatation, specific green fluorescence was detected in the layer of vascular smooth muscle in the two groups. Moreover, with prolonged time of transfection, fluorescence intensity gradual y decreased. Compared with the empty plasmid group, the expanded artery lumen area obviously increased in the OPN-shRNA plasmid group, and plaque burden evidently reduced. Results indicated that bal oon catheter used in regional blood vessels in rabbit models of atherosclerosis could successful y transduce OPN-shRNA plasmid. The restenosis of the expanded blood vessels lessened, and thrombus burden relieved. It is of great importance to prevent the occurrence of restenosis after angioplasty in rabbit models.

Study of the relationship between sleep body posture, sleep phase and severity of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical characteristics and relationship between sleep body posture, sleep phase and occurrence in patients with various degree of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Polysomnography recordings of 100 adults with OSAHS were divided into 3 groups according to AHI: mild with apnea-hypopnea indices (5 or = 2. Positional OSAHS was defined as supine AHI/non-supine AHI > or = 2.@*RESULT@#90.91% (20/22) patients with mild and 82.35% (14/17) patients with moderate OSAHS were position dependent, 40.91% (9/22) patients with mild and 23.53% (4/17) patients with moderate OSAHS were REM sleep-related OSAHS. The percentage of REM sleep-related OSAHS and position dependent OSAHS were significantly higher in mild and moderate groups compared with in severe group (P < 0.05, respectively). In both mild and moderate groups, the supine AHI was significantly correlated with AHI (r = 0.491, 0.771, P < 0.05, respectively). In severe groups, the non-supine AHI was significantly correlated with AHI and Lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) (r = -0.424, 0.527,P < 0.01, respectively), NREM AHI was significantly correlated with LSaO2 (r = 0.470, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Body position play significant effects in mild and moderate but not severe OSAHS. Patients with severe OSAHS are less likely to spend time in the supine position and REM compared with patients with mild and moderate OSAHS.

A qualitative study on psychological stressors of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the psychological stressors of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.Methods Using phenomenological method of qualitative study,there were 9 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection participated in the study and their mental stress was investigated by deep interview.Results Five main psychological stressors of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection emerged:fear of children being infected; anxious about giving birth in the hospital for infectious diseases; having no idea of selecting the mode of delivery and feeding pattern; worrying about their own health; to feel nervous about playing the role of mothers.Conclusions Healthcare workers should make appropriate health guidance and psychological supports to alleviate the psychological distress combined with features of pregnant women with HBV infection.At the same time,it is necessary to make change of public misunderstanding of hepatitis B,so as to create a fair and friendly social atmosphere for all the hepatitis B patients.

Regulation on function and maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by triptolide / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism of immunomodulatory activity of triptolide on healthy volunteers peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Methods Healthy volunteers-derived pDCs were sorted by flow cytometry, then incubated with triptolide (0, 5, 10, 30 μg/L). After 24 hours, we detected the concentration of IFN-α, IL-6, TNF-α using ELISA. After 5 days, the cultrural cells were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry, light microscope and electron microscope scanning. Results Triptolide-treated pDCs secreted lower level of IFN-α,IL-6 ,TNF-α, triptolide could inhibit pDCs differentiation to DCs which displayed more immature morphology and immunophenotypes than untreated-pDCs. Conclusion Triptolide could decrease the immune function of pDCs, inhibit differentiation and maturation of pDCs.

Regulation on function and maturation of dendritic cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients by triptolide / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism of immunomodulatory activity of triptolide on systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients peripheral blood mononuclear cells( PBMC)-derived dendritic cells (DCs).Methods SLE -derived DCs were sorted by flow cytometry from peripheral blood mononuclear cells,then incubated with triptolide (0,5,10,30 μg/L ).After 24 h,we collected the supernatants and then detected the concentration of IFN-α,IL-6,TNF-α using ELISA.After 5 d,the cultrural cells were collected and CD11c,CD80,CD86 expression of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry,we observed the morphology of DC by light microscope and electron microscope scanning.Results Triptolide -treated DCs from SLE patients with active and stable disease secreted lower level of IFN-α,IL-6,TNF-α,triptolide could inhibit DCs differentiation,which displayed more immature morphology and immunophenotypes than untreatedDCs.Conclusion Triptolide could decrease the immune function of DCs from SLE,inhibit differentiation and maturation of DCs.

A study on the positive affect among dementia caregivers / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the positive affect of dementia caregivers.Methods Questionnaire method was used to investigate seventy-six dementia caregivers (the dementia group)and seventy-six non-dementia caregivers(the control group).Results The total score and the score of each dimension in the dementia group was significantly lower than those got from the control group.Conclusions Dementia caregivers can feel the positive affect from dementia patients.Compared with non-dementia caregivers,dementia caregivers feel lower positive affect,especially positive feedback from dementia patients.

Efficacy of velopharyngoplasty for treating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the indication, efficacy and influencing factors of velopharyngoplasty for treating of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Thirty OSAHS patients were included in this study, all cases had velopharyngoplasty. The follow-up period was between 6 to 11 months; and a series of measurements parameters was analysed for thirty cases.@*RESULT@#When compared preoperatively and postoperatively, Apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 54.6+/-18.3 to 25.3+/-9.5; and the Epworth sleep scale decreased from 16.5+/-4.8 to 5.2+/-4.1. According to related criterion in China, the effective rate was 70.0%.@*CONCLUSION@#Velopharyngoplasty can upgrade the venlopalate and enlarge the space of the oropharynx by remodeling of soft palate, contraction of scar and removal of the tonsils.

Aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia complicating multiple organ failure: one ease report and renew of literatures / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To improve the recognition of aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia(ANKL)complicating muhiple organ failure(MOF).Methods A Fare case of ANKL was reported,and the related literatures were reviewed. Results One case of ANKL was diagnosed by bone marrow morphology and immunophenotypes of CD2,CD16,CD56,who developed multiple organ failure involving in liver,kidney,heart,lung,severe metabolic acidosis,tumour lysis syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)in course of the disease and chemotherapy.VP regimen and symptomatic treatment were performed,and the disease could be stable shortly but died of the failure of lung and heart soon. Conclusion ANKL has a fulminant clinical course and diffuse infihration of tumor cells resulted in multiple organ failure with poor response to treatment and unfavorable prognosis.

Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor transduction through a Foley's catheter on local vascular endothelial cell growth / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)can promote vascular endothelial regeneration,inhibit thrombosis,and attenuate neonatal intimal thickness and luminal stenosis degree.OBJECTIVE:The present study established atherosclerosis models in rabbits and observed the effects of local transfection of VEGF gene on restenosis after angioplasty.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Microorganism,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology between November 2004 and December 2006.MATERIALS:Rabbits were daily raised with high-fat diet to create atherosclerosis models.Twenty successful rabbit models were randomly and evenly divided into a control group and a gene treatment group.METHODS:The DcNDA 3.0 recombinant human VEGF165(hVEGF 165)was trimsferred to the ventral aorta through the use of Foley's catheters.and the pcDNA3.0 was transfefred in the controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 1,2,and 4 weeks after surgery,luminal area of left renal artery opening was measured by MRI.At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery,the ratio for intimal to medial area was obtained through the use of HMIAS-2000 high definition color medical image analysis software.Simultaneously,vascular endothelial cell regeneration was observed by immunohistochemistry of factor Ⅷ related antigen.RESULTS:The pcDNA3.0/hVEGF 165 could be successfully transferred through the use of Foley's catheters.At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery,luminal area was larger in the gene treatment group than in the control group(P<0.01);simultaneously, the ratio of intimal to medial area was significantly smaller in the gene treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).In the gene treatment group,expanded vascular endothelial cell regeneration was accomplished at 2 weeks after surgery,while in the control group,it took 4 weeks.CONCLUSION:pcDNA3.0/hVEGF 165 gene transduction can promote local vascular endotllelialization and apparently attenuate restenosis degree and intiaml thickening.

Qualitative research in factors affecting the compliance of patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the factors influencing the patients' treatment compliance infected with chronic hepatitis B virus, and provide some useful advices to improve patients compliance. Methods Data were collected through deep interviews with 9 patients and analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Results Using generic analysis, the factors influencing patients' compliance fell in-to three themes: (1) The enforceability of the doctor's advice; (2)The factors of the patients their own, in-cluding the disease-related knowledge, the realization of how harmful the disease is, and past behavior habits; (3)The social factors, including economic situation, pressure of life, family care, and the supervision and guidance of health care workers. Conclusions In order to make the patients consciously adopt the doctor's advice, health workers should pay more attention to strengthen the enforceability of the doctor's ad-vice and health education, and focus on the impact of cognitive, psychological and social factors on pa-tients' compliance.

Regulation on function and maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by Astragalus polysaccharide / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism for immunomodulatory activity of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from healthy volunteers.Methods:Healthy volunteers-derived pDCs were sorted by flow cytometry,then incubated with APS (0m50,100,200 mg/L ).After 24 hours,the concentration of IFN-?,TNF-?,IL-6 was detected using ELISA.After 5 days,the cultured cells were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry,light microscope and electron microscope scanning.Results:APS-treated pDCs secreted higher level of IFN-?,TNF-?,IL-6.APS could promote differentiation of pDCs to dendritic cells (DCs) which displayed more matured morphology and immunophenotypes compared to the untreated-pDCs.Conclusion:APS could increase the immune function of pDCs,promote differentiation and maturation of pDCs.